托福词汇题 如何应对托福阅读推理题

对于留学国家比较关注的小伙伴们一定非常关心托福词汇题 如何应对托福阅读推理题，今天金泉留学网小编为大家整理了以下内容，下面一起来看看吧。

托福阅读词汇题答题技巧

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词汇题在托福阅读中至关重要，很多人却对此类题无从下手，下文小编为大家总结了一些方法希望能够帮助大家。
托福阅读词汇题的提问方式一般有以下两种：
1. In the case of a phrase, the question might be
2. Instating X, the author means that: OG:
托福阅读词汇题一般没有特定词汇表，但是在阅读中出现的时候的特点是：
1.be后面信息直接给出解释
2.or,后面信息直接给出解释
3.appositive同位语
4.adjectiveclauseofphrase形容词性词组和从句
5.listorseries一组或一系列信息在某种程度上相关。
6.example由example具体推抽象，小推大
7.contrast根据转折词语推出后面已给词与生词意思相反
8.punctuationclues
9.keywords类似example
10.单词结构：前缀，词干，后缀….不短的前缀词干表
根据这些词汇题的出现特点，我们就可以得出最简单的解题技巧，就是，认识的直接选，沾边就对，不认识的按上面方法推断或猜。
虽然这样的方法可以在技巧上应对托福阅读词汇题，但是在实力上，我们还是要有所准备才能应用这些技巧，也才能在真正解决托福阅读考试中的词汇题目。

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新托福阅读新题型的重点解析

新托福阅读6种题型的解答方法

(1)词汇题：考查读者根据上下文理解特定词和短语的能力。这种题型虽难度不大，但占每篇文章后所有题目的三分之一，故考生仍应重视起来。

(2)指代关系题：考查读者认定代词与其它首语重复机制以及先行词/后置词的关系的能力。句子简化题：考查读者认定文章中某一特定复杂句子所传达的基本内容，并不受细枝末节的干扰，用简化的句子表达原句基本内容的能力。

(3)插话题：考查读者将特定的一句话插入文章顺序相连的四个句子之间的能力。这个题型是国内考试常见的ClozeTest的进一步发展，可谓技高一筹。要完成任务，读者必须深入理解各个句子间的词汇、语法和逻辑联系。这类题型有相当难度，考生应特别重视。

(4)事实信息题：考查读者抓住文章中阐明的信息，并排除干扰回答问题的能力。读者的任务是在题中某意译的短语选出一个与文章中某相应句子建立对应关系。此题型虽然有难度，数量也较大，但属于老题型。

(5)正误判断题：考查读者根据文章中阐明的信息，判断题中的短语哪些是正确的，哪些是错误的或文章没有提到的信息。

2023年4月11日, 乐亦思在现场见证了ETS官方宣布「托福iBT®考试全新升级」. 托福考试将于7月26日正式改革,
将针对托福iBT考试和托福在家考同步进行.

然而, 关于托福考试改革全新写作题型「学术讨论写作Writing for an Academic
Discussion」ETS官方并未给出更详细的解释和说明.

面对托福全新写作题型, 我们托福考生们该如何做准备呢?

ETS官方在其TOEFL托福考试官网, 仅放出3套新题型样题.

而乐亦思不仅在之前Test Resources放出消息时, 就完成了13套基础样题的制作.

截至目前, 乐亦思托福教研团队已经完成「超过100道托福新题型样题」的研发!

为了帮助广大托福考生们,苦于没有新题, 不知如何下手开始练习,我们将无偿给大家分享「乐亦思托福 · 100道托福新题型样题」.

如何应对托福阅读推理题

一、题型分类

对于托福阅读来说，词汇是根本。在阅读中词汇题(vocabulary questions)的数量很多，每篇存在三至五题不等。

接下来就是阅读中的句子。句子细节在托福中的考察形式和内容相比词汇更为深入。有对于单个句子结构和主干意思理解做出的考察，即句子简化题(sentence simplification questions)。有对于文中明确表述的细节信息的考察和理解，即事实信息题(factual information questions)。还有对于文中明确表述信息真伪的识别和理解，也就是否定事实信息题(negative factual information questions)。除此之外，阅读还会考察对于文中强烈暗示而未明确表述的信息的识别和理解能力，即推理题(inference questions)。

在阅读中，对于段落的考察往往侧重于句子之间的关系。句与句之间的连接往往会有名词的重复以及代词的指代，所以有了指代题(reference questions)。内容的衔接除了代词指代之外，还有逻辑关系的递进，所以又有了修辞目的题(rhetorical purpose questions)。如果说指代题和修辞目的题是对于句间关系的识别的话，那么句子插入题(insert sentence questions)则是两者的升级版，是对于句间关系的逻辑的应用。

当然，托福阅读也涉及篇章中段落的主旨以及段间的关系的考查。若是顺承的关系往往出的是总结题(prose summary questions)，若是对比分类的关系往往出的是表格题(fill in a table questions)。

二、题型难度

通过以上的分类讲解，相信大家对于托福阅读十大题型考察的能力有了了解。那么十大题型里，哪种题型相对比较难呢?如果说其他题型是通过词汇积累或者对于文章里的信息的透彻理解就可以掌握的话，那么更侧重于考察出题人的逻辑思维模式的题型就是推理题了。

我们再来看一下托福官方指南里对于推理题的表述：对于文中强烈暗示而未明确表述信息的识别和理解。大家重点关注强烈暗示这几个词，言下之意就是通过一些相关信息的表述来传递内在的意思，所以体会出题人传达相关信息的模式就变成了解题的关键。

三、推理题中的对比取反

解答推理题应从识别题型入手。推理题题干中常见表示推理或暗示的词汇：infer，imply，indicate，suggest。然后，仔细阅读题干。最后，根据题干信息研读文章信息以做出推理。

接下来我们通过以下四个例子来层层深入解析推理题中对比取反的情况。

1. Paragraph: Two other developments presaged the end of the era of turnpikes and started a transportation revolution that resulted in increased regional specialization and the growth of a national market economy. First came the steamboat; although flatboats and keelboats continued to be important until the 1850s, steamboats eventually superseded all other craft in the carrying of passengers and freight. Steamboats were not only faster but also transported upriver freight for about one tenth of what it had previously cost on hand-propelled keelboats.

1. Which of the following can be inferred from the paragraph about flatboats and keelboats?

A. They ceased to be used as soon as the first turnpikes were built.

B. They were slower and more expensive to operate than steamboats.

C. They were used for long-distance but not for regional transportation.

D. They were used primarily on the Erie Canal.

根据题干信息flatboats and keelboats对应到原文句子Steamboats were not only faster but also transported upriver freight for about one tenth of what it had previously cost on hand-propelled keelboats. 从句子里steamboat以及keelboats之间的faster 以及one tenth of很容易得出B选项。解出答案之后，希望大家思考，这样一道推理题透露了出题人设置题目时的逻辑思维，那就是信息的对比，而且有对比的时候，答案往往会取反面。

2. Paragraph: A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in or on another species. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. The first and the third can be key factors in the structure of a biological community – that is, all the populations of organisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area.

1. Which of the following statements about commensalism can be inferred from the paragraph?

A. It excludes interactions between more than two species.

B. It makes it less likely for species within a community to survive.

C. Its significance to the organization of biological communities is small.

D. Its role in the structure of biological populations is a disruptive one.

根据题干信息commensalism对应到原文句子There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism.该句得不出答案，接着看到The first and the third can be key factors in the structure of a biological community;该句告诉我们first and third指代上句中的parasitism和mutualism, 而题干中被问及的commensalism(共栖)恰是三者之中剩余的部分，根据例一中出题人对于对比取反的逻辑设置，显然该题同样取反，既然文中给出一三重要，那么强烈暗示的就是处于第二的commensalism不重要，所以选C。

3. Paragraph: Isotopic analysis of shells allowed geologists to measure another glacial effect. They could trace the growth and shrinkage of continental glaciers, even in parts of the ocean where there may have been no great change in temperature – around the equator, for example. The oxygen isotope ratio of the ocean changes as a great deal of water is withdrawn from it by evaporation and is precipitated as snow to form glacial ice. During glaciations, the lighter oxygen-16 has a greater tendency to evaporate from the ocean surface than the heavier oxygen-18 does. Thus, more of the heavy isotope is left behind in the ocean and absorbed by marine organisms. From this analysis of marine sediments, geologists have learned that there were many shorter, more regular cycles of glaciation and de-glaciation than geologists had recognized from the glacial drift of the continents alone.

1. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that foraminifera fossil shells containing calcite with high percentages of oxygen-16 were deposited at times when…

A. polar ice extended as far as equatorial regions of land and sea.

B. extensive glaciation was not occurring.

C. there were no great increases in ocean temperature.

D. there was heavy snowfall on continental glaciers.

同样根据题干信息oxygen-16对应到原文During glaciations, the lighter oxygen-16 has a greater tendency to evaporate from the ocean surface than the heavier oxygen-18 does. 句中给出during glaciations的时候oxygen-16会蒸发离开，题干问什么时候oxygen-16 were deposited, 同样还是对比取反，即not during glaciations，对应选项B。

4. Paragraph 2: The areas covered by this material were so vast that the ice that deposited it must have been a continental glacier larger than Greenland or Antarctica. Eventually, Agassiz and others convinced geologists and the general public that a great continental glaciation had extended the polar ice caps far into regions that now enjoy temperate climates. For the first time, people began to talk about ice ages. It was also apparent that the glaciation occurred in the relatively recent past because the drift was soft, like freshly deposited sediment. We now know the age of the glaciation accurately from radiometric dating of the carbon-14 in logs buried in the drift. The drift of the last glaciation was deposited during one of the most recent epochs of geologic time, the Pleistocene, which lasted from 1.8 million to 10,000 years ago. Along the east coast of the United States, the southernmost advance of this ice is recorded by the enormous sand and drift deposits of the terminal moraines that form Long Island and Cape Cod.

1. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that Agassiz and other geologists of his time were not able to determine…

A. which geographic regions had been covered with ice sheets in the last ice age.

B. the exact dates at which drifts had been deposited during the last ice age.

C. the exact composition of the drifts laid during the last ice age. 金泉留学网

D. how far south along the east coast of the United States the ice had advanced during the last ice age.

通过以上的例子，相信大家已经熟悉了推理题中对比取反的逻辑思维。那么最后这一道题，是否能够应用讲解的规律顺利得出正确答案呢?

首先读题干，很多考生会选择Agassiz and other geologists这一信息去对应原文，结果发现无法根据文中对应信息得出正确答案。此时要牢记对比取反的逻辑思维，重新审题发现了of his time这一时间短语与文中的We now know the age of the glaciation accurately from radiometric dating of the carbon-14 in logs buried in the drift.一句里的now构成对比关系。所以根据对比取反的逻辑，既然我们现在才精确知道冰川形成的时间，那么在当时是不知道的，顺利选出B选项。

在托福阅读中，希望考生可以通过分析真题仔细体会出题人的思维逻辑，掌握考试规律，这样才能百战百胜。

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